Mu L, Sanders I: Muscle fiber-type distribution pattern in the human cricopharyngeus muscle. In: English GM (ed.) Otolaryngology Philadelphia: Harper and Row, 1985, pp 1–9īosma JF, Bartner H: Ligaments of the larynx and the adjacent pharynx and esophagus. Hollinshead WH: Anatomy of the pharynx and esophagus. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001, pp 136–138 Putz R, Pabst R: Sobotta atlas of human anatomy, Vol.1, 13th English ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999, pp 676–684īrand RW, Isselhard DE: Anatomy of Orofacial Structures. Saunders, 1995, pp 1726–1733Īgur AMR, Lee MJ: Grant’s Atlas of anatomy, 10th ed. Gastrosintest Radiol 10:196–212, 1985īosma JF, Donner MW, Tanaka E, Robertson D: Anatomy of the pharynx, pertinent to swallowing. These findings suggest that the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle may also play an important role in the expression of smooth coordinated movements associated with ingestion, from mastication to swallowing.ĭonner MW, Bosma JF, Robertson D: Anatomy, physiology of the pharynx. The present study found that the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is attached to the buccinator muscle (which plays an important role in mastication) with mucosa and originates from the mandible and root of the tongue. Morphology of the origin of the muscle at the mylopharyngeal part could be divided into two types: type A, tip of the origin on the mylohyoid line and type B, tip of the origin away from the mylohyoid line. In all three types, the muscle at the buccopharyngeal part transitionally originated from the buccinator muscle. Morphology of the origin of the muscle at the buccopharyngeal part could be divided into three types: type A, membranous morphology from superior to inferior areas type B, membranous only in superior area and type C, complete lack of membrane. To clarify the morphologic characteristics of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, which plays an important role in swallowing, the gross anatomy of the pterygopharyngeal, buccopharyngeal, mylopharyngeal, and glossopharyngeal parts of the muscle was examined.
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